Journal of Political Strategy

Analyzing and investigating political-security threats and opportunities of Afghan immigrants for the Islamic Republic of Iran

seyed saleh musavi; Abbas Keshavar zshokri

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 February 2024

Abstract

  Migration in today's world has become a global issue that has attracted the attention of many scientific fields. The migration of other nationals to the destination country can ...  Read More Migration in today's world has become a global issue that has attracted the attention of many scientific fields. The migration of other nationals to the destination country can have many consequences for the said country large wave of Afghan nationals immigrating to our country, and on the other hand, these immigrants have created threats and opportunities for our country, so this research seeks to answer the question that threats and opportunities How is the political-security migration of Afghan nationals analyzed for the Islamic Republic of Iran? The findings of the research indicate negative consequences such as the increase in drug and human trafficking, the increase in terrorist groups and operations in the country, the spread of ideology and the increase in chaos in the border areas and other parts of the country, as well as opportunities such as the increase in diplomatic capacities and political relations with Afghanistan and other countries as well as regional organizations and increasing political and diplomatic power and as a result increasing the power of our country in the region. The research method in this descriptive-analytical research and the method of information gathering and data collection were also done in a library and documentary way.

---

• View Article

The Role of Non-State Actors in the Stability and Balance of Regional System and Security Arrangements in the Middle East

Hossein Sayahi; amirali ketabi

Volume 7, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 103-136

Abstract

  At present, non-state actors are also engaged in regional and international systems. In the Middle East, certain factions have successfully bolstered their influence in the region by ...  Read More At present, non-state actors are also engaged in regional and international systems. In the Middle East, certain factions have successfully bolstered their influence in the region by attaining authority and bolstering their military capacities, thus impacting the stability and security arrangements. The current historical period has seen a significant focus on researching the role of non-state players in the Middle East, mostly due to regional tensions and ongoing crises. This article employs qualitative research methods, case study approaches, theoretical frameworks, and utilizes library and internet resources to investigate the influence of non-state actors, such as Hezbollah in Lebanon, Hamas and Islamic Jihad in Gaza and Palestine, Shia forces in Iraq, and the Houthis in Yemen, on the stability and power balance in the Middle East regional system. The hypothesis suggests that non-state entities have the potential to serve as a deterrence in the primary power struggle between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Israel in the Middle East. They have the ability to avert the disruption of regional power equilibrium and the occurrence of a widespread and highly intense conflict, therefore avoiding instability, imbalance, and the collapse and transformation of the regional system.

---

• View Article
• PDF 819.15 K

The confrontation between Russia and the West in Ukraine and its impact on Iran's national interests (along with the suggestion of media approaches)

mahdi shirmohammadi

Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2023, , Pages 87-111

Abstract

  Since February 24 (March 5, 1400), when the war in Ukraine began, the conflict between Russia and the United States in Ukraine has led to an increase in Iran's strategic importance. ...  Read More Since February 24 (March 5, 1400), when the war in Ukraine began, the conflict between Russia and the United States in Ukraine has led to an increase in Iran's strategic importance. The proximity of Tehran-Moscow positions and their common interests have led to greater cooperation between the two countries. The war in Ukraine has many consequences and the normalization of the situation in this region may take years. The main question of the article is, what are the main benefits of Iran's national political interests and its fields, military, economic, regional defense, etc. in the war between Russia and Ukraine? The method of this article is qualitative in terms of the nature of data and practical in terms of purpose, and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection method. In terms of field data collection, this research is based on interviews with 151 experts and extensive use of library studies. It has been measured by simple stratified-random method and using Cronbach's alpha formula. The findings and conclusions show that Iran can benefit from the opportunities created by the confrontation of the balance of power between Russia and the United States in the Ukraine war crisis

---

• View Article
• PDF 922.05 K

Pathology of sanctions in creating peace, international security, and protection of citizen's rights (case study of Iran and North Korea)

mehdi moradzadeh; mohammadali kafaeifar; mohammadreza hakakzadeh

Volume 7, Issue 1 , April 2023

Abstract

  From a methodological perspective, the pathology of sanctions on states poses daunting challenges because it is not only difficult to separate the consequences of sanctions from various ...  Read More From a methodological perspective, the pathology of sanctions on states poses daunting challenges because it is not only difficult to separate the consequences of sanctions from various other factors that affect the human rights conditions of civilians, but also to collect data on the actual impact of sanctions. This research intends to answer this basic question by taking advantage of the scientific analysis approach and using valid raw data: What are the characteristics of the Western economic sanctions against Iran and North Korea and why were they applied? And what have been the most important consequences of sanctions on the economic and social structure? For this purpose, he discussed the history of sanctions, the types of sanctions and their legal bases from an international perspective, the ripple effects of sanctions and the review of the resolutions applied in the countries under study. and at the end, solutions were presented to identify the damages of sanctions on governments and citizens' rights. As a result, the findings indicate that ignoring the consequences of sanctions on future generations significantly increases their total economic costs and harms the society.

---

• View Article

The obligations of the governments to support and use the groundwater and the aqueducts with the emphasis on the Iranian government

nadereh sadat nabavi; Mahdi firoozabadian

Volume 6, Issue 2 , September 2022

Abstract

  Given the widespread drought, the water scarcity and declining the groundwater levels, all governments must make efforts to reduce the groundwater exploitation. In this paper, we have ...  Read More Given the widespread drought, the water scarcity and declining the groundwater levels, all governments must make efforts to reduce the groundwater exploitation. In this paper, we have tried to examine the most important actions of some governments in order to support the groundwater, as well as the commitments and efforts of the Iranian government to support the groundwater, especially aqueducts. In this research, which has been conducted by the library study and descriptive-analytical method, the results show that Iran is obliged to maintain the aqueducts and the groundwater according to important principles such as the commitment to the prevention, the commitment to the cooperation and the commitment to the information and the public participation. Regarding the taken measures in Iran, it can be said that the Iranian government has taken action to protect the aqueducts by passing the national laws and regulations, as well as the policies and the executive measures.

---

• View Article

Identity and ideological confrontation between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the study of Yemen

hanieh karimi; mohammad vali modarres; gholamreza karimi

Volume 6, Issue 1 , June 2022, , Pages 63-79

Abstract

  Saudi Arabia and Iran have long been recognized as the two main rivals in the middle east regional. But over the past years , relations between the two countries have become very complex ...  Read More Saudi Arabia and Iran have long been recognized as the two main rivals in the middle east regional. But over the past years , relations between the two countries have become very complex and have taken on new dimensions. Meanwhile , one of the issues that has strained relations between the two countries in recent years is the internal developments in yemen. Therefore , the purpose of the present article is the identity and ideological confrontation between Saudi Arabia and Iran in the study of yemen. On this basis , the author seeks to answer the fundamental question of how Saudi Arabia and Iran played a role in the developments in yemen? The hypothesis that arises in response to this question is that Saudi Arabia and Iran have played a role in the developments in yemen through identity factors , This has led to a challenge between the two countries.Given the Sunni and Wahhabi identity of Saudi Arabia and its concern about the spread of Shiism and the strengthening of Iran's influence in the Persian Gulf region and ultimately the entire Middle East , the Saudi – Iranian confrontation in yemen can be explained based on a constructivism approach.

---

• View Article
• PDF 836.66 K

Alternative Punishments to Imprisonment under Iran and International Criminal Laws: Challenges and Solutions

Ali Ahmadi; Karam Janipour; Ali Janipour

Volume 5, Issue 19 , January 2022, , Pages 1-21

Abstract

  The inadequacy of imprisonment and the increasing importance of citizenship rights, including liberty, has led thinkers in criminal law to offer some alternatives to imprisonment that ...  Read More The inadequacy of imprisonment and the increasing importance of citizenship rights, including liberty, has led thinkers in criminal law to offer some alternatives to imprisonment that not only punish the defendant but also minimize the ill effects of being imprisoned. This study aimed to address the following research question: how effective are alternative punishments to imprisonment under Iran and international criminal laws, and what would be solutions to their potential challenges? This was an analytical, descriptive study. The library method was also used to deal with the research question. Under international criminal law, all people, including prisoners, should be treated with regard for human dignity, and it rejects imposing inappropriate punishments. In the same way, Iranian legislator, specifically in the penal code 2013, has offered such alternatives as conditional discharge, providing public services, suspension, and substitution of punishment to imprisonment. However, it presents several challenges. The biggest one is the lack of suitable infrastructures to meet defendants' punishments. Our work has led us to conclude that social and economic infrastructures must carry out such a sentence as a conditional discharge

---

• View Article
• PDF 817.77 K

Reflection of the Iranian Islamic Revolution in Latin America (Case Study: The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela)

Saeed eslamee; mohammad salmantabarsouteh

Volume 5, Issue 19 , January 2022, , Pages 109-128

Abstract

  The Islamic Revolution of Iran, as one of the greatest events of the twentieth century, has been the subject of discussion in many scientific-research circles of the world. The Islamic ...  Read More The Islamic Revolution of Iran, as one of the greatest events of the twentieth century, has been the subject of discussion in many scientific-research circles of the world. The Islamic Revolution, according to its nature, concepts and words, has brought special norms and has included goals and phenomena. The authors intend to study the effects of the Islamic Revolution on the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela in Latin America and the foreign relations between the two countries, which have not been methodically discussed before, relying on the constructivist method, which is above all an analytical framework.In this regard, the main question of the research is based on how the Islamic Revolution of Iran was reflected in Venezuela?, The present study, using an analytical-descriptive method and in the framework of a constructivist approach, has investigated the reflection of this great revolution in Latin America. The findings of the study indicate that the Islamic Revolution of Iran is not confined within its political borders and in addition to regional and indirect influences, it has also had an impact on countries such as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela.

---

• View Article
• PDF 791.75 K

Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020

hanieh karimi; mohammad vali modarres; gholamreza karimi

Volume 5, Issue 19 , January 2022, , Pages 161-178

Abstract

  Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020AbstractThe present study examines Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020.Saudi ...  Read More Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020AbstractThe present study examines Saudi Arabia's aggressive regional policies toward Iran from 2003 to 2020.Saudi Arabia,known before 2003 as a conservative state in the region, has changed its regional policy since 2003,confronting Iran. But the main question of the research is why Saudi Arabia has adopted an aggressive policy towards Iran in the region? In response, it can be said that Saudi Arabia has pursued an aggressive policy against the power and influence of Iran following the developments in the region since 2003 and considering itself as a regional hegemon and leader of the Arab word. Saudi Arabia has also entered into military and arms deals with the United States in response to Iran's nuclear talk,to prevent Iranian influence in the region.The present study is written in the framework of aggressive realism theory and using descriptive-analytical method using library and internet data.Keyword:Saudi Arabia, Iran, region, realism theory

---

• View Article
• PDF 856.73 K

"A Comparative Study of the Opportunities & Threats of Turkish & Chinese Economic Plans in Central Asia for Iran

mohammad farhadi

Volume 5, Issue 18 , December 2021, , Pages 51-76

Abstract

  The present study seeks to make a comparative study of the opportunities & threats of Turkish & Chinese economic projects in Central Asia for Iran. Therefore, using the content ...  Read More The present study seeks to make a comparative study of the opportunities & threats of Turkish & Chinese economic projects in Central Asia for Iran. Therefore, using the content analysis method & the theme matrix type by indirect observation & analysis of research texts as a purposeful sampling method is collected from existing texts & through thematic coding, themes of opportunities & threats of China's economic projects & Turkey was identified for Iran in Central Asia & finally compared & analyzed in terms of commonalities & differences. Findings showed that the common denominator of Turkish & Chinese economic projects in Central Asia for Iran in terms of opportunity is to increase Iran's geopolitical importance & expand Iran's relations with countries involved in these economic projects. In addition to, the difference between China & Turkey's economic plans in Central Asia for Iran, the emergence of tensions & the imbalance of interests between the countries involved in China's economic plan & the other hand the inconsistency of Iran & Turkey development policies in Central Asia & the weakening of Iran It is due to the pursuit of Occidentalism policies in the region by Turkey.

---

• View Article
• PDF 961.78 K

A comparative study of the soft power components of the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the events after the Islamic awakening

ali saeeidi; ayatallah esmaeeli

Volume 5, Issue 18 , December 2021, , Pages 109-133

Abstract

  The Middle East region is going through a period of revolutionary changes that challenge the foreign policy of the countries of this region. Despite these changes, the Islamic awakening ...  Read More The Middle East region is going through a period of revolutionary changes that challenge the foreign policy of the countries of this region. Despite these changes, the Islamic awakening and the revolution in Tunisia, Egypt and Libya have not been able to change some important aspects of the West Asian region. One of the most important ones that outlines the strategic horizon of West Asia is the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia.The wave of popular protests in 2011 in support of democracy and opposition to the ruling regime known as Islamic awakening has created new concerns for Saudi Arabia and Iran that should be taken into account in the context of regional priorities. In this new environment, there are many opportunities and threats facing both the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia, while both countries are trying to marginalize their competitors by using their soft power components and elements. to drive Now, after several years of the events known as the Islamic awakening, it is possible to draw a clear picture of the efforts of both countries in the direction of using soft power, and in a comparative analysis of their performance,

---

• View Article
• PDF 882.76 K

Center gap - about the behavior of the tenth presidential election in Iran

mohammad youssefijouybari; Majid Nejatpour; Mojtaba Miri

Volume 5, Issue 18 , December 2021, , Pages 135-154

Abstract

  The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between the center-periphery gap and the tenth presidential election (2009) in Iran. To achieve this goal, first, the impact ...  Read More The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between the center-periphery gap and the tenth presidential election (2009) in Iran. To achieve this goal, first, the impact of social gaps on elections and electoral behavior is examined, then the understanding of how the center-periphery gap affects the tenth presidential election in Iran. The results show that the actions of previous governments, which caused a lack of attention to the lower classes of society, and in contrast to the actions of the Ahmadinejad government between2005 and2009, led to the formation of a social base for them in the lower classes of society. In the tenth presidential election, Ahmadinejad has faced rivals who enjoyed an urban social standing. These results also show that most of Ahmadinejad's votes are in the lower and peripheral areas of society, and the farther we go from the center to the periphery, the higher the percentage of Ahmadinejad's votes. The Impact of the Center-Periphery Gap on Elections and People's Electoral Behavior and Ahmadinejad's Victory The result of measures such as the social base surrounding Ahmadinejad's government, class-geopolitical dichotomy in elections, and government actions such as justice stocks, housing, and allocating development budgets to deprived provinces.

---

• View Article
• PDF 769.37 K

The Relationship between Foreign Policy and Health: A Theoretical Challenge to Iran's Foreign Policy in the Coronavirus Age

ali bagheri Dolatabadi

Volume 5, Issue 17 , September 2021, , Pages 47-71

Abstract

  The history of the connection between health and foreign policy in the world dates back to more than a century ago; However, the relationship and position of these two concepts with ...  Read More The history of the connection between health and foreign policy in the world dates back to more than a century ago; However, the relationship and position of these two concepts with each other in Iran's foreign policy is still unclear. It seems that the main reason for this condition referred to the weakness or the lack of a theoretical framework for this issue in Iranian foreign policy. Based on the above necessity, the main question of the present study is where is the position of health in the mainstream theories of International Relations and what is the relationship between the two concepts of health and foreign policy? The research methodology is descriptive-analytical conducted by library-based data. The results pointed to three approaches in explaining this relationship and position: foreign policy as health, health as foreign policy, and health as one of the foreign policy agendas. It also showed that today the attention to health in foreign policy has gone beyond the previous moral and humanitarian frameworks (liberalism) and has opened its place in the issues of power and security (realism).

---

• View Article
• PDF 841.07 K

Critical Reappraisal of Citizenship Rights in Iran’s Newspapers

Khalil Sardarnia; Reza AmirpoorAmirabad; Sina Aminizadeh

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 25-53

Abstract

  Citizenship rights with political, civic and social dimensions are the fundamental elements of democracy and political development. This research has been done with aim of critical ...  Read More Citizenship rights with political, civic and social dimensions are the fundamental elements of democracy and political development. This research has been done with aim of critical reappraisal of newspapers contents in Iran about human rights. In this study, Shargh and Keyhan are two case studies belong to reformist and conservatives as to important streamline in Iran. The methodology is quantitative content analysis. The main questions are: how and how much have been the performance of these newspapers in pay attention to and informing of audience to cognitive and practical- objective indexes of human rights? By the means, what are the viewpoints of elites about this performance of newspapers? The main findings of this study follow that: these newspapers have not done their role well and preferable in promotion of human rights due to the reasons such as: fractional and political dependencies, intellectual and financial dependency, none transparency, censorship, unfairness in speech, false and politicized analyses and informing functions and neglecting of professional ethics in journalism and then, have been faced to legitimacy crisis and challenges in views of public opinions and peoples.

---

• View Article
• PDF 914.37 K

Telegram and National Security of Iran

Reza Ekhtiari Amiri; Mohammad Sadegh Tabei; Abbas Dehrouyeh

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 55-82

Abstract

  Telegram has provided a possibility for internal and external players to exploit capacity of this messenger to make some threats against national security. According to that, this research ...  Read More Telegram has provided a possibility for internal and external players to exploit capacity of this messenger to make some threats against national security. According to that, this research is going to study the role of telegram in creating the various threats against Iran’s national security during the recent years. Therefore, the main question is how telegram has threatened Iran’s national security during recent years? The research method is analytical- explanatory and also doing survey among academic elites of the country. The findings show that telegram through proliferation of political rumors and fake news, delegitimizing and exaggerating inefficiency of the political system, provoking public opinion, creating cap between the society and sovereignty, organizing the riots and developing them, coordinating the protesters and rioters, intensifying the tribal and religious differences, creating gap between the ethnic minorities and the political system, empowering ethnic separatists tendencies, threating the norms and values of the society and also utilizing messenger by the terrorist groups for recruitment, coordination and planning had the most impacts on political, social and cultural security.

---

• View Article
• PDF 1.24 M

United States tools to limit Iran's geopolitical territorialization

Farzin Zandi

Volume 5, Issue 16 , May 2021, , Pages 197-218

Abstract

  Iran's tendency to create a regional map has led to the expansion of Iran's influence and increased geopolitical power due to elements such as the country's geopolitical situation and ...  Read More Iran's tendency to create a regional map has led to the expansion of Iran's influence and increased geopolitical power due to elements such as the country's geopolitical situation and the adoption of a strategy to activate foreign non-state actors as regional arms. These reasons have created a growing sense of threat among the Persian Gulf states and Israel (as key US allies) and the need for convergence among them. In this study, we sought to answer the question of how and to what extent US sanctions have been able to affect Iran's domestic situation and regional approach. By continuing the strategy of " Containment" Iran and using " Coercive Diplomacy", the United States is trying to keep Iran in a kind of political-economic and geopolitical siege by smartening sanctions and maintaining and effectively regulating them, and the possibility of growth and foreign investment in Iran's economy to prevent. The consequences of imposing sanctions have weakened economic power and intensified the challenge of political-economic management inside Iran, and consequently, reduced the ability of Iran to support its proxy network as the main factor in the geopolitical realm of this country.

---

• View Article
• PDF 898.91 K

IONS and Security Convergence in the Indian Ocean: Fields and Challenges

reza Ekhtiari Amiri; mohammad salmantabarsouteh; Hosein Ebrahimi

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 29-56

https://doi.org/10.29252/JPS.4.14.29

Abstract

  In recent decades, regionalism and the creation of regional institutions to exploit the capacity of member states to achieve common goals and interests has become increasingly important.As ...  Read More In recent decades, regionalism and the creation of regional institutions to exploit the capacity of member states to achieve common goals and interests has become increasingly important.As we are witnessing the emergence and formation of various regional organizations and institutions in different parts of the world.In this regard, the various dimensions of the importance of the Indian Ocean region have led to the preservation and security of this region on the agenda of coastal states such as the Islamic Republic of Iran and, as a result, institutions for regional security.Among the institutions established to provide maritime security in the Indian Ocean region is the IONS, or Indian Ocean Naval Symposium.Given this, the main question of the research is based on the causes and areas of security convergence of IONS member countries and what challenges and limitations do these countries face in developing regional cooperation? The research method is analytical-explanatory and the theoretical approach of convergence has been used to explain the subject. The main hypothesis is based on the idea that a common understanding of regional issues, as well as common environmental and regional concerns, has paved the way for the convergence of countries and, ultimately, the establishment of IONS.

---

• View Article
• PDF 1.07 M

Futurism China's Energy Security Policy In "West Asia" Abstract

rashid recabian; Sirous khandan; mehrdad alahpour

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 145-170

https://doi.org/10.29252/JPS.4.14.145

Abstract

  One of the emerging powers that has experienced a growing industrialization process in recent years is the People's Republic of China. Diplomacy has defined energy security for its ...  Read More One of the emerging powers that has experienced a growing industrialization process in recent years is the People's Republic of China. Diplomacy has defined energy security for its future. The best option for that country's energy supply is the strategic Persian Gulf region. The question is, what opportunities and challenges does the People's Republic of China face in the strategic port of the Persian Gulf? And how is Beijing's strategy assessed in the face of opportunities and challenges ahead? In order to answer this question, an attempt has been made to study Beijing's strategy in the Persian Gulf region at three levels: global, regional and domestic. At the global level, the biggest issue is the influence and influence of the United States in the region. At this level, the Chinese are seeking to build trust. But internally, the most important issue, especially in recent years, has been political developments in West Asian countries and issues related to government conflicts with their nations in the region, which has the potential to do so. China's energy security, which is one of the main reasons for Beijing's presence in the Persian Gulf, faces deep challenges.

---

• View Article
• PDF 873.64 K

Command and Control of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Maintaining Security of the Middle East

Ali Akbar Jafari

Volume 4, Issue 14 , December 2020, , Pages 311-324

Abstract

      National security in the world of globalization requires efficient command and. In this complex matrix of international politics, the Middle East suffers from a lack ...  Read More     National security in the world of globalization requires efficient command and. In this complex matrix of international politics, the Middle East suffers from a lack security, which have always been the most troubled region in the world. Iran has been the cradle of one of the greatest civilizations in the world. The country has incurred heavy costs in recent decades due to insecurity in the Middle East. Given this fact, we seek to answer the question of how Iran, can command and control the insecurities in the Middle East to ensure more lasting national security. The hypothesis of the present study is that this country will play a role in ensuring and controlling the security of the Middle East to security and also Bandwagoning other nation-states and movements. The findings of the study indicate that due to the many commonalities between the nations and the change in the type of political systems and the establishment of democratic systems, lasting peace and security will be ensured. In this research, an attempt has been made to explain the capabilities of this country in utilizing the capabilities of the Middle East regional system and creating a new construction of a safer regional system.

---

• View Article
• PDF 866.3 K

Engaging and contrasting "political discourses" and "national strategies" in Iranian foreign policy

Ali Bagheri Dolatabadi; Hossein Siyapooshi

Volume 4, Issue 12 , June 2020, , Pages 67-94

Abstract

       Foreign policy as the most important manifestation of the international behavior of governments has always been the domain of interaction between theory and ...  Read More      Foreign policy as the most important manifestation of the international behavior of governments has always been the domain of interaction between theory and practice. In the meantime, each political discourse that seeks power, based on its particular worldview on the prevailing order at the regional and global level, adopts different and sometimes conflicting attitudes in the context of national strategies in foreign policy. The main question of this article is how has Iranian foreign policy been shaped by the "political discourse" and "national strategies" of the government of Sayyid Mohammad Khatami and Mahmoud Ahmadinejad? What have been the consequences of the national roles and the grand strategies of these two discourses on Iranian foreign policy? To answer the above question, the author attempts to examine the hypothesis that different "macroeconomic strategies" of Iranian presidents have led to the implementation of different and sometimes conflicting foreign policies, using "role theory" and descriptive analysis tools. The findings show that in the field of Iranian foreign policy, there is a cross-talk between the strategies of various discourses, and the opposition of these strategies has led to the inappropriate use of "foreign policy" tools to achieve national goals.

---

• View Article
• PDF 925.82 K

Assessing Iran's Position in Putin's Eurasian Doctrine (2012 -2020)

Masomeh mohammadi; mehdi Javdani moghadam

Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2020, , Pages 1-23

Abstract

  Iran and Russia are two important countries that have historically been in contiguous neighborhood relations, over and over. These relations are influenced by many different variables ...  Read More Iran and Russia are two important countries that have historically been in contiguous neighborhood relations, over and over. These relations are influenced by many different variables - including the historical background of Russian interventions in Iranian internal affairs, the type of Iran-Russia interaction with the West, Russian pragmatism and the role of ideology in Iranian foreign relations, the promotion or decline of Iran-Russia power and influence in the region. And in the international system and ... - it has led to the pursuit of the two countries' interactions with sophistication, billing and expansion. Meanwhile, according to some analysts, since Putin's power as Russian president, relations between the two countries under the influence of Putin's Eurasian doctrine and changes in the power equation in the Southwest Asian region have improved in military, economic and cultural security. This research seeks to test this view on the question of what factors and at what level did Iran's rise in Putin's Eurasian doctrine come to pass during this period (2012 to 2020)? The findings of this descriptive-analytic study show that variables such as Russia's attempt to regulate and politico-economic institutionalization in the Eurasian region and counteract US hegemonic goals in the region and increase Iran's strategic power after South Asian political and social developments The West has sharply promoted Iran's position in Putin's Eurasian doctrine

---

• View Article
• PDF 1.01 M

Bilateral Cultural and Social Relations between Iran and the United States from the Beginning to the Victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran (1829-1979)

esmaeil baibordi; alireza karimian

Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2020, , Pages 25-62

Abstract

  The turning point in US-Iranian relations dates back to the early 19th century, and in general, the relations between the two countries at this time and even until World War II - albeit ...  Read More The turning point in US-Iranian relations dates back to the early 19th century, and in general, the relations between the two countries at this time and even until World War II - albeit with ups and downs - were largely confined to cultural, religious, and later to some extent economic relations. . Until 1920, US government officials were reluctant to attend Iran for various reasons, especially under the influence of Monroe's policy, but in mid-1320, due to new US assessments, this government had infiltrated Iran anyway. What's more. From this historic moment to the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Iran-US cooperation has gradually led to its widespread influence in political, social, cultural and economic affairs. Formally links with Western interests and expanding cultural and social relations are among the important issues of concern to the sovereignty of Iran in the 1940s. The United States is more interested in the Iranian authorities than in any other country. The purpose of this study is to briefly introduce the cultural and social activities of the United States of America in Iran and vice versa Iranian cultural and social activities in the United States until the victory of the Islamic Revolution of Iran

---

• View Article
• PDF 872.21 K

Review of the European Union's Approach to the Islamic Republic of Iran's Nuclear Program (2000-2015)

mahdyeh heydari

Volume 3, Issue 11 , March 2020, , Pages 205-225

Abstract

  Iran's nuclear activities are one of the most important challenges that have overshadowed the relationship between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union. This article ...  Read More Iran's nuclear activities are one of the most important challenges that have overshadowed the relationship between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union. This article examines the European Union's approach to Iran's nuclear program. So the main question in this article is why the European Union has not supported the US option of "use of force" in dealing with Iran's nuclear program? And in return, has it followed an approach? The temporary implication of the article is that the European Union, by rejecting the option of using force against the United States, has replaced the diplomacy approach with severe sanctions on Iran and brought the United States with it. In this regard, the findings of the study indicate that the implementation of prostitution, economic sanctions and comprehensive sanctions and support for the issuance of anti-Iranian resolutions by the "Security Council", in full coordination with the United States has been considered by the European Union. The data collection method in this research is based on library method and research method is descriptive-analytical method

---

• View Article
• PDF 816.48 K

Review and Comparison of Iranian and Turkish Foreign Policy on Syrian Developments (Dimensions and Approaches)

Saeed Jahangiri; naser garousi

Volume 2, Issue 7 , December 2019, , Pages 31-47

Abstract

  Recent developments in Syria have undoubtedly been the most difficult internal challenge the Syrian regime has ever faced. These developments have confused many. This, of course, also ...  Read More Recent developments in Syria have undoubtedly been the most difficult internal challenge the Syrian regime has ever faced. These developments have confused many. This, of course, also relates to the role of regional governments in positioning and dealing with these important regional conflicts in Syria and the importance of this country to regional developments. Undoubtedly, the crisis in Syria is not limited to its internal borders and has important regional and even global impacts. The Syrian crisis has affected Iran and Turkey, posing challenges to their relations. The approaches pursued by Iran and Turkey in recent years in the field of foreign policy are rooted in the historical differences and behavior of policymakers and the motives of the two countries. It is the difference between Iran's and Turkey's strategic goals that determine the views and policies of the two countries on developments in Syria. The behavior of Tehran and Ankara, the Syrian crisis and other regional tensions, and of course the developments in the Arab world, have a decisive role in defining the Middle East perspective. This study seeks to answer the question of what are the goals of Iran and Turkey's foreign policy towards Syria and what are the regional implications of these goals?

---

• View Article
• PDF 746.16 K

Investigation and Analysis of Ethnic Policy System in Iran

Maghsoud Ranjbar; masoud aslani; hadi afrasyabi

Volume 2, Issue 7 , December 2019, , Pages 113-145

Abstract

  Ethnic policymaking in Iran has been the focus of sovereignty because of its ethnic diversity, especially after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. Sovereignty has had different ...  Read More Ethnic policymaking in Iran has been the focus of sovereignty because of its ethnic diversity, especially after the victory of the Islamic Revolution. Sovereignty has had different policies in different periods, before and after the victory of the Islamic Revolution over the issue of ethnicity. In the political and social literature today, there are three major models or models of ethnic policymaking that include the model of replication, the model of pluralism, the model of unity in plurality. The purpose of this study is to investigate the Islamic Republic of Iran's ethnic policy in different periods. To this end, these policies were in the period before the victory of the Islamic Revolution (Qajar and Pahlavi) and after the victory of the Islamic Revolution in the period of various governments (transitional period, period of imposed war, period of construction, reform period, period of fundamentalism and period of moderation). The investigation is underway. The research question is what is the pattern used in ethnic policy making in the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research, using analytical-descriptive method and using library collection, it has been concluded that the policy adopted in Iran after the victory of Islamic revolution was proportional to the changes of social sphere in the form of unity.

---

• View Article
• PDF 603.4 K